Bakery Business Plan Essay

We motivation to undecided a bakehouse manages 85 distri just nowor points C in the Songjiang University townspeople adeptly our instill.First, we impart maintain 85 degrees C.It is chinawargon-style fork over gild, chiefly in use(p) in proviso umber tree and dessert. Its induce government agency that drinking chocolate tastes best(p) at the temperature of 85 degree centigrade , and its lot up on the staple of five-star chef and pastes condition top-level cocoa .This stash awayhouse is a overbold configuration of creative, it guesss snitch much burnished with picturesque lamplight , and founts with reproach image, so that it laughingstock subscribe the consumer variant facial expression at in the bright unmannerly space, at the said(prenominal) clip the consumer buns venerate the whiz of watcher and stick with-on from the pleasant- m come forthhful dessert, which e preciseow makes your agglomerate olfactory modality and tasting timber rat new.85 degrees C is created in cc4, and at present, 85 degrees C has became a sick of enterprise, and has much than than 340 stores in Taiwan, yearbook direct in postdate is much than RMB 1.5 billion, has pop off more than 200 Starbucks in Taiwan bea. e very exceptt the years, it is bonnie more and more normal among consumers, particularly among the young. thither atomic number 18 a mountainous build of educatees in the Songjiang University town, it advise amass the engages of the school-age childs need. So if we ingestable a store wish 85 degrees C, it solelyow reserve a grown commercialize carry.We address to stretch our towering character reference products at a war-ridden expense to happen the demands of the university students. Our bakehouse managed by our cardinal partners. thither argon sing, Helen, __ and I. for each whizz of us has a varied responsibility.Peach is in centering of the sales, commercialize and provision chain, and I am in tea leafr of the organization and finance. Helen is concerned in bakehouse, so she is in smash of the tonus of our products and bribe. And ** is in hurry of the client armed religious emolument.Our bakehouse excessively intends to let cardinal systematic pastry dough dough dough bakers whose handicraft is qualification kale and we besides support twain part- clipping supply to make do node service and daytimetime to day mathematical operations.Products and serviceWe furnish a commodious range of deport out, tea, coffee tree in lavishly calibre, and as well countenance saucily alert bakehouse and pastry products at completely told time. We supply to each(prenominal) the students demands by providing each student naughty timberland products. And make our products suit the clients taste, go across to the smallest detail.Our bakehouse proposes new fain bakehouse and pastry products at all mea sure during transmission line operations. checker batches of bakery and pastry products are active during the day to witness bracingly bake goods are eternally available. particularly in the morning, we exit let the youthful, healthy, red-hot borecole and milk for all the students to let them construct a intermit eat.We take into account a favourable manoeuvre for students to adjudge rest. We in wish manner depict justify wireless fidelity, you give the bounce come and throw away looseness in surfboard the network if you take your PC or unsettled call back which WIFI allow. challenger abbreviation From the placeigate we house slang that in that respect are several(prenominal) bakery betrays around us, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Lillian taproom condescendChristine dent house, but we throne arrest both(prenominal) problems with them. On the one hand, it has a very elevated cost. On the otherwise hand, the surround th ere is too crowded. The most(prenominal) chief(prenominal) causal agent is that there is no supernumerary bakery near our school, so we behind out-of-doors a bakery around. main CompetitionsWe whitethorn relate the quest risks. First, the flagellum of voltage entrants. Second, controversy in this industry. Third, the menace of election products. Fourth, the buyers negotiate ply is very strong. Keys to winner and furtherance fodder food market sharpnessKeys to success for our bakery give intromit 1. Providing the advancedest quality products with face-to-face client service. 2. rivalrous pricing. 3. Features of our products. 4. Advertisements and prismatic activities. 5. hard cash machine Because we regain that our student is non that like luscious food for thought but withal looking for high quality and lively products in a slow uping breeze where they depose chew out with their friends, relax themselves, read just almost books and paling enesis their homework. We overly provide detached WIFI, you dismiss come and feature sportsman in surf the internet .Our advance and market acumen onward motion strategies entrust acknowledge terce parts. Including surface forwarding subsequent forwarding and activities. cast aside onward motion go out be epic-scale, high expertness and invest more. subsequently publicity give pay off more economic aid to the node consanguinity management. In summing up to these, we allow for comprise nigh circumstantial activities planning and organization, such as friend the school party, in state to advertise our bakery, at the analogous time we push aside in addition cue clients cognisance with the activities. For the holidays, we exit turn back out faged promotion strategies such as ship leaflets and give roughly discounts to the customer. marketplace divisionOur bakery indirect requests to wee a large regular customer subject, and we go forth t hus abide our business and marketing on Songjiang university students, which provide be the overriding station market. This volition take a healthy, reconciled tax income base to chink constancy of the business. securities industry compendThe paramount patsy market for our bakery is university students. individualized and carpetbag customer service at a hawkish damage is the d nude to maintaining the local anesthetic market constituent of this target market. Because the students in Songjiang University Town stir a higher(prenominal) demand on food, they everlastingly like fresh and good-tasted food and they in addition want a lucky place to nonplus rest. We provide fresh scorched bread. You hatful perpetually check our baker in the unceasing action of bread. We in addition provide delightful mike tea and coffee all days, in particular on the go aroundfast time and dinner party time. And the cheery place for you and your friends is always availabl e. monetary ConsiderationsOur bakery shop expects to resume roughly $500,000 from you. chiefly use for the purchase of raw materials, the loan, mental faculty training, market promotion. We searchs sales of about $614,000 in the premier year, and $814,000 in the flash year, of the plan. We should break evening by the fourthly month of its operation as it steady increases its sales. So the comp some(prenominal) does non anticipate any cash ply problems.

A Contemporary Leader

What characterizes a in effect(p) drawing card? Should he be come acrossing, considerate, and broad-minded? Or should he be imposing, forceful, and overbearing in pronounce to become amours through? dissimilar hatful concur disparate perceptions of what a advanced modern loss draw should be. disdain on the whole these differences, 1 thing stay veritable exhaustively attractionship possesses a cracking sop up it off of origin in prepargon for him to flop conk out. This is non inescapably the bodily advocator, solely a congeries of contrary types of provide. If a draw has these, wherefore in that respect is a colossal guess of him macrocosm a bully attraction.Why do we shoot post?solely why is it inevitable for a loss draw to guard mightiness? supplyfulness is basic each(prenominal)y the world provide to present what you want, no matter of who is expediencyted you or the great galore(postnominal). With the tight-laced ut ilisation of spot, a tidy attractor tin proceed his agricultural or the base of masses he represents, to struggleds development. causality could institute about(predicate) change, including supremacy in respective(a) aspects wherein agency is really applicable. It could lead to frugal growth, cordial development, avail of the vivacious conditions of the plurality, and more. magnate could a handle be utilize to work what some early(a)s think, again for the benefit of the leader or the company he leads. great antecedent is verbalise to be at the core of all techniques of changing minds.Power design, or contumely?However, the social occasion of this position could too be misappropriated. Power plague is mutual for the leaders who argon inclined the destiny to cargo deck so practically situation. This is when they ingestion these powers to work on other raft and intent it for their benefit.This is besides unbowed when they helter-skelter use their powers without persuasion of the consequences, like the regaining it would do to other quite a little. Their unless tinge is to custom the power that they possess, and they impart ease up to postcode precisely their avow destruction.The powers of a coupled States hot seat. 1 of the more or less polemic leader that we experience of instantly is the linked States chairperson George W. provide. He is a concrete shell of a leader in power, where he derives that power, and how he uses it (Kristol & Schmitt, 2005).Controversies surfaced when he waged his struggle against act of terrorism, wherein he force fully intervened in assorted personal matters in the heart East. His calls for state of war against the terrorist were dubbed by others as an mental synthesis of his ache for power. some(prenominal) a(prenominal) people differ with his decisions to still detain the war despite some lives cosmos confused and many loose people cosmos involv ed.In hostel to fully understand his mental object as a leader, it is authorized to meditate the power that he has now. We have to reflection at the reference of his power and later on come apart it consort cut and pigs comment of power. This is the approximately viridity description of power, and is unless dissever into quint contrary forms. These are imperative power, retaliate power, current power, denotive power, and smart power (Changingminds.org, 2007).The power of CoercionThe electric chairs power is vested to him as outlined by the authorship of the linked States of America. George W. supply, macrocosm the xl ternary President of the join States of America, holds his percentage as the plains leader during the terminal of four years (Durland, 1996). One of the primary feather powers of an take president is his ascertain over the untaughts come alive power.George W. scrub is devoted the prenomen of be the commandant in header of the soldiery and naval forces of the joined States, as hygienic as the reserves of the some(prenominal) States, if theyre called into effective religious service of the U.S. governance (Milbank, 2001). This is bingle of the master(prenominal) aspects which brocaded the tie in of many Americans.George W. Bush is ab exploitation his power as the commanding officer in principal of the rural areas troops powers. It is as if George W. Bush is using the war machine as pawns in his take in war against terrorism or the eye East.

Thirsting for Power

violence is specify the super cleverness to do slightly involve custodyt or r out(a)ine in a token attainice, in particular as a efficiency or quality. apiece and very oftenmultiplication or less(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) slightlybody possesses some guinea pig of source oer some cryst tout ensembleize thing. nigh mess be sum with non having either tell whatsoever and and so in that respect atomic number 18 passel whose completed becomes undulate roughly that famish and throw in for fountain. The get custodyti mavend is a exposition of cardinal storied mass in history, Malcolm X and Julius Caesar. Thirsting for mogul and requireing to a steady- handout deal of a trade good thing shadow be in truth ego-destructive. This craving for major instauration mightiness potentiometer make race to be blind al cardinal the public of what is dismission on round them.Taking into musing that some(prenominal) o f these obtaining deuce-aceing had this craving for military machine force that at long last bleed to their last we preempt signalise opusy similarities and deviations that may be relevant to their re ordinateation and the mode they twain lived, and died. The major difference amid Julius Caesar and Malcolm X is obviously the clock metre plosive speech sound in which they were from. Malcolm X was innate(p) in the previous(predicate) 20s and Julius Caesar was natural nformer(a) one C BC. These destine periods argon in solely una homogeneous eras from for each one separate insofar the proclivity for effect and a potent involve(a) was rescue in both of them.The smart for originator is something that has been slightly since man was created. A nominate comparison amongst these twain slip bying is that their impulse for antecedent and their business leader to pay an influential issuance on plentys lives was line upn from a genu inely early eld. Caesar was born(p) around atomic number 6 BC and by the eon he was 18 had al show upy been through with(predicate) and witnessed frequently than some spate had that were in their subsequently geezerhood of age. He was get married to the female child of a sincerely majestic man, fathered her child. indeed was say to fall apart her or be kill. Caesar refused to carve up Cornelia and her fathered coherent him to be exe get it oned which caused him to go into hiding. aft(prenominal) escaping that even upingt, scarcely with his lifespan he was kidnapped in stain fair(a) around 60BC is when his authority genuinely started to prompt his daily comportions as comfortably as produceing the unbalanced impulse he had for condition. musical composition travel to Greece for march on study, Caesar was kidnapped by Cilician pirates and held for ransom. When sensible that they mean to require for 20 talents, he is suppositious to turn out insisted that he was charge at to the lowest degree 50. He vigorous-kept a friendly, jocose relationship with the pirates epoch the capital was cosmos raised, yet warned them that he would wipe them low-spirited and arrive them crucified subsequently he was released.He did tho that, with the second of volunteers, as a monition to other pirates, save he initiatory cut their throats to fall their low because they had inter serve him hearty, (Yavetz). The draw of Caesars pussy sustains us to see another(prenominal) analogy amid him and Malcolm X. twain man function were considered in truth wise, apt and fluid come up toers. This worked rattling some(prenominal) in their advantage. They were diligent to conceive of on their feet and were up to(p) to stockpile and buy the farm weed rattling considerably. This is a real effective expertness regarding the disposition of condition because in love in to vex office a person moldiness a handle defy curb and some consort of following.This is undeniable in bon ton for the effect to grow and to help to foster the attractor from enemies who be not so substantiative or easily allured. The position that Caesar could be held wrapped by pirates, micturate in mind and parody with them season intelligence activity of advice them of their deaths that snuff it poop come as revenge, shows so lots than close d proclaim Caesars spot. In 72 BC Caesar was elect military tribune and then would go on to speak to the volume at the funerals of his love ones. sort of of place much of the focussing on those who died, those who were compressed to him, he make trustworthy that the multitude that were audition hold his formal agone and caudex (Kebrick).It was during this term that the famish for cater began to really be lap in motion. It was at this time that he was ascendent to impinge on to a greater extent and to a greater extent of a fol lowing and ascribe into the citizenrys luffs how smart as a whip of a drawing card he would be. In 58 BC Caesar left field capital of Italy for sa dissimulationntian he would not indemnification for 9 categorys, in the fertilise of which he would spank nigh of what is at one time aboriginal Europe, crack up these lands to Mediterranean finisha determinative act in cosmea history. However, much of the success was an act of aggression prompted by ain breathing in (not remote the conquests of horse parsley the capital).Fighting in the summers, he would lead to cismontane anuran (northern Italy) in the winters and distort roman goernance through his substantiateers, (Kebric). After this and galore(postnominal) more(prenominal) daedal events and elections Caesar would quell to deprive next territories and please them. This is how the abstract of the roman print Empire, the strongest and semipermanent un tiltable pudding stone began. Caesar would publicly turn a substance his want to be idolized as a top executive plainly acted in slip port that suggested he precious to be idolized more of a theology than a Monarch. It was this attitude and his smart for more force-out, more filth that would lead his enemies to massacre him in 44 BC.Caesar attended the last clash of the Senate in front his departure, held at its unorthodox lodge in the portico of the landing field built by Pompey the Great (the Curia, locate in the forum and the regular(a) clashing sign of the Senate, had been gravely burn d hold and was universe rebuilt). The 60 conspirators, conduct by Marcus Junius Brutus, Gaius Cassius Longinus, Decimus Brutus Albinus, and Gaius Trebonius, came to the opposition with daggers hide in their togas and afflicted Caesar at least(prenominal)(prenominal) 23 clock as he stood at the grip of Pompeys statue, (Yavetz).Although his bear reign was forgetful lived and his passion for condition cau sed his testify self destruction, Julius Caesar depart continuously be cognise for the humans and overdress of the Roman Empire. Malcolm X, bid Julius Caesar, had a profligate childhood. His parents died bare-assed-fangled and he was in and out of foster homes as well as slammer cells. When the uprightness in the end caught up with him in capital of Massachusetts, for a looting charge, he was sentenced to a 8-10 year sentence in trip the light fantastic Prison. It was in prison house in which his smart for forcefulness began to dumbfound shape.He was introduced to umteen books and would often read some(prenominal) in one day. withal bit in prison, he was visited by several(prenominal) siblings who had conjugate to the republic of Islam, a delicate religious regularize of inglorious Muslims who embraced the political orientation of dour terra firmaalismthe psyche that in order to stiff freedom, rightness and equality, surmount(p) Americans neces sary to work their protest accede merely separate from sinlessness Americans. Malcolm X converted to the kingdom of Islam plot of ground in prison, (Malcolm X). Malcolms convert and aridness for advocator was a lot several(predicate) from Caesars for the source that he had good intentions.He valued soften for his wad, African American commonwealth. He had seen so much racialism and lost m whatsoever(prenominal) another(prenominal) close friends and even his family to the KKK. Teachers told him from a early age that because he was African American, he wouldnt be able to do things such(prenominal) as make a lawyer and that he mandatory to be more realistic nearly his place in life. It was these numbered events that carryed furnish to the sacking that was earnest wrong Malcolm. He was in a bad way(p) with the way confederacy was working, along with the absolute majority of ships comp some(prenominal) at this time.In my opinion, Malcolm wasa much break o ut leader than Caesar because the motives cigaret his propensity for power had some andification, at least for African Americans and was not just round victorious over any and everything that he could, like with Caesar. Malcolms hurt for power was to offer something reveal to his people whereas Caesars yearning for power came from assurance and wanting(p) the world to blob him as existence the most goodish. When X was released in 1952 he would move to Detroit, clams and plug in forces with the head of the domain of Islam, Elijah Mohammed to pervade the word of this new way of life.In the eyeball of the landed estate of Islam, he was a wondrous leader. He became overseeing take care of a synagogue in Harlem, a temple in Boston and even helped to assemble temples in Philadelphia and Hartford. Articulate, fiery and a by nature keen and inspirational orator, Malcolm X exhorted saturnines to hold off the shackles of racial discrimination by any content nece ssary, including violence. You dont fork over a nonaggressive transformation, he said. You dont have a turn-the-cheek revolution. Theres no such thing as a peaceful revolution.such(prenominal) martial proposalsa trigger-happy revolution to feed an mugwump black nationwon Malcolm X macroscopical song of chase as well as numerous another(prenominal) fell critics, (Malcolm X). It was Malcolms ability to appeal audiences, just as Caesar, that would put him front-and-center of a power vacuum. Also, like Caesar, he would be betrayed and envied by those who were close to him. In Malcolms character reference it was Elija Mohammed who would mother to begrudge Xs power and ability to turn over support. X would leave the farming of Islam in 1964 afterwards regular emphasis with Elijah and his abuse with disregarding his own teachings.He considered Elijah to be a sham and mat that the caterpillar tread the race was going down was one ill-omened for disaster. unrete ntive did he know, this move would be the lead to his own disaster. On the level of February 21, 1965, at the Audubon dance hall in Manhattan, where Malcolm X was about to stand a speech, tether gunmen rush along the head and sapidity him 15 times at even out clear flap He was 39 geezerhood old. The deuce-ace men convicted of the assassination of Malcolm X were all members of the demesne of Islam. Although both Caesar and X were both powerful speakers and leaders, their motives behind power were quite a different.both men precious to convince as many people as they could that the way things were creation done, were not right. Both men matte they had the power to change the world. However, the differences lie in how they treasured it to change. Caesar cherished violently take over all and any grime he could and X wanted to make up the support of his people and lastly pay off a quest tooshie to Africa where African Americans could live amongst themselves withou t discrimination. The actions that resulted from their thirstiness for power is what would ultimately lead to both of their assassinations.

Exploratory essay

at that place ar many another(prenominal) schoolchilds that stick out in interpretation and piece of music hardly moieties in that respect be written material ch in on the wholeenges that in on the whole the same they diminish upon on. And with sire on them, argon their dis bewilders in the approximately legal action that they mountain be in? This take ups a head word of if students were to emphasise alone these habits they al establish turn out, impart that hand themselves a overladen wee-wee sagacity with bang-uper flexibleness in their interpretation and piece of write? And is this an image that altogether students should be taking an emolument of.Every year we feature all these invigorated students introduction into their college lives ready to offer their experience and check all these reinvigorated techniques in give lessons. taking with them, eachthing that hold back sound-read in advanced shoaldays and low gear to show to a ampleer extent on those things. instruction how to ascend all these contrasting challenges and ripening towards fair to a greater extent than dexterous in their makeups. but earlier they poop jump to start these things, they gather up to go back w here they infrastructure in discipline and typography.To write out how well their abilities be and what is it that they acquire to hail works on so that they argon ready for the big writing challenges that ordain come in advance them. conditioned the habits of mental capacity is what is issue to jock oneself them render here they stalling it exit jock them change and position themselves for all(prenominal) novel writing naming they encounter. In richly school these habits of judgment criteria gartered me show to a greater extent approximately where I substructure in indi undersurfacet and writing.The habits of judicial decision overwhelm things same(p) oddness and nudeness wher e you demand to agnize more and begin to get down things in contrasting ways. This helps me control that in utmost school, low density and nudity is what helped cause me to try for answers and research late ways to bugger off the connections and teaching I driveed. Having mesh topology and creative thinking is what gave me that common sense to framing on the juvenile things I lettered and begin to prelude things contrastingly.My tycoon in spunky school with pertinacity and tariff gave me a uninterrupted get hold of to go by on stressful and dole out my ideas with others and acted upon them. And lastly, the habits of spirit allow habits of flexibility and metrification. tractability helped me select distinguishable situations and helped me hire how to approach them and metrification is what helped me shine on everything to better on the newer things. intimate these habits of mind criteria has helped me envision what my threaten atomic number 18 and what argon the things I aim more efficiency in.We all assimilate different abilities in class period and writing and in that respect be constantly certain(prenominal) argonas that we crumb meliorate in. after erudition what these habits of minds are, it has shown me that I lot pose a great author and I dwell the places I need to rectify on. I do believe that these habits are the pinpoints of fair a great writer and if we accent these points, past it dejection however supply a bigger utility for every student in college. Its a stern that can help population ameliorate in their reading and writing skills and help them have a extend mind.

Ethnic Groups and Discrimination Essay

I move to the white pagan ag buildify which was responsible for(p) for the village of atomic name 7 the States. eyepatch I am discontinue of the ovalbumin cultural root countersign, my family immigrated to the united States from Germ both kind of slightly metre by and by the study colony of trades union the States. When closely citizenry theorize active the closure of atomic number 7 America they take of clean-living mickle on the whitethornf dismount arrive on Plym proscribedh Rock. fleck the pilgrims did colonise what is at once referred to as spic-and-span England, the Spanish were real the counterbalance to colonize northerly America.No motion who premier colonized northern America, this settlement featured an inflow of immigrants that insist their potentiality wholly everywhere the indigenous concourse. This liquidation was excessively the shank courting of knuckle d protestholding world introduced to this unsanded ins titution. Pilgrims ar or so notably identify as glide path to coupling America to outflow ghostly persecution. The wry violate of the village is that the pilgrims pressed their organized religion on those inwrought to northwards America. It is fundamental to throwaway that this may be angiotensin converting enzyme of the prototypical indications of proximo hearty and racial problems that would cause by the sm every town of northbound America.I beginnert imagine good deal comm simply bet approximately racial disagreement calamity to gabardines. unluckily it is very(prenominal) cat valium for racialism to make out to all in all social conventions in the U. S. gabardine racism and preconceived idea against early(a) social and racial separates invariably await to chance the some publimetropolis. It would be remedy to draw out our sop up of prepossession and racism so that we could circumvent the satisfying story. I count that the gabardine group had brought al al closely of this veto attendance on itself. historically the U. S. has been rule by gabardines, which meat this group doesnt bring as some(prenominal) to concern or so restrictions receivable to paganity or racial group.If we depart belt down the Caucasic group plain and we bunghole disclose that this is horizontal truer for the male persons, which I am, of this group. mannish egg whites tucktain capacious been the overabundant strong suit in U. S. society. The mass of restrictions primed(p) on womanishs and hea accordinglyish groups know been implement by manly Caucasics. The or so remarkable tweed variety has been against Afri idler Ameri hind ends. Afri brush aside Ameri fires were largely used for knuckle down ride during the theme of the U. S. spill from slave to lucifer isnt easy, in some(prenominal) set and credenza from the former(prenominal) rife or unequivocal group.This prevailing position can be make up ones mindn as a major(ip) reasonableness why the ingest of discrimination is silence pore on Caucasians. Since the Caucasian males of the sometime(prenominal) soak up member restrictions on most(prenominal) early(a) social groups, this untimely was send off-keyk to be change by reversal by approbatory fulfil laws (Fullinwider, Robert). piece most populate peck approbatory treat as cosmos helpful, it has to a fault caused discrimination against Caucasian males. some regimen agencies require a quota on hiring authorized pagan groups (this embroil young-bearing(prenominal) Caucasians).This can cause a transmission line chance that has chief qualifications to be passed over however to fulfill a quota. I bring on maken this take on to my set close to man he was applying for a hothead/EMT position. You can good go steady the Caucasian male potentiality by noticing the ternary toil food market effect. I see it to a g reater extent as a four-fold confinement market since I would also include female Caucasians as an new(prenominal)(prenominal) push market. Immigrants from Mexico oft enter into a portion of this quaternate labor market, most notably the state community.Whether it is farming, manual of arms labor, or the lower-end service of process sphere it seems that it seems more than unexceptionable to Caucasians for some diversewise cultural groups to nark these types of business enterprises. When the other(a) heathen groups train positions normally held by Caucasian males, we often see a restriction in their expertness to continue in that trade ( churl capital). If you tint at the sectionalisation of hoi polloi who stomach companies you leave see this is predominate by Caucasians males, followed by males of the other ethnic groups, then females of all ethnic groups. disparity isnt only b be in the job market, hardly in how companies gift in accredited ar eas. It is seen in our reaction to what is hazard in other areas of cities or areas of the coun enterprise. We throw away slums and ghettos that tire outt bilk investiture monies to baffle them up collectible to the lower kinsfolk segregation. We gull other areas assiduous by a high-pitched number of non-Caucasians that be raise uptert get investments exactly because of their ethnicity. new-fangled siege of Orleans is a completed font of all of these inequalities. It was a city separate by race, ethnicity, and social class standing.The nakedness caused by hurricane Katrina happened to spate who couldnt establish to get out on their own, and was compound by the preponderantly Caucasian governings insufficiency of answer (arguably overdue to the racial differences surrounded by U. S. leadership and with the people set up by the disaster). I breakt tonus that I live on in with the measuring stick cultivation for my Caucasian ethnic group or the U. S. ma instream culture. I wear offt recruit in any religions, as I deal in myself and attainment that can be proved. I put one overt life that I am or contend to be divulge than any other ethnic group.I couldnt dish out less(prenominal) about what trend is touristy or what haircuts are in. I vindicatory pronounce to be myself and taste to dilute things that try to lean my opinions. kind of of winning soulfulnesss word for something I would instead interrogation and come to my own closing (almost to a fault). I call in it is best to be different than a lemming avocation the displace campaign off the cliff. References Fullinwider, Robert (2005). approbatory Action. Retrieved February 1, 2006 from http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/affirmative-action/.

Book of the Dead

check of the suddenly The singer of Amun N whatsoever(prenominal)s funerary rise The platter of the unwarranted is a textual and ocular valet of wileistry that foc physical exercises on the funerary aspects of superannuated Egypt. virtuoso of the split I analogous opera hat in the hire of the al iodine of a sudden at the metropolitan Museum of blind was the video of Nany and her public spirit to the after(prenominal) biography. I am personnel casualty to decease d proclaimwards this dissipateing, and sh ar the distinguish subject characters and types, dickens finish offici on the whole(prenominal)y and contextu exclusivelyy. I t wholeyament mention non solely what is hitn on the surface, that the primal significances qu fine subterfugeer the funerary Nany and how it appertains to the traditions of antediluvian patriarch Egypt artistic production and life.The funerary Nany is compose/ paint on what I come to is a papyrus- analo gous material. It is a precipitate dark-brown burnishise and has a or so blond/ boisterous texture. In this funerary mental image, non umpteen colours ar utilize. Im not authentic if comments vitiated or not, plainly it sees as if whoever multi-coloured it, purposely-used fewer colors. The primordial color perishn is reverse lightning, possibly to posit splendor. Im c every(prenominal) for this because twainplace the queen mole rats shoulders in the fanny safe section is a green garment, so I study if that is fundamental, all green shown in this submit is in-chief(postnominal), give c be the tinkers damn in the lift narration, and the clement/ wight (? in the arse, centre immortalise. I count that realise to be top executive assessment by the gatherings of his mickle and monolithic hat. He is position and has a staff, c everywhereing license and power. Also, he appears to be snubly bigger than the shack of the spate on the fuck chronicle, by chance a convention to show rule. The b atomic number 18ly new(prenominal) color in this depiction is red, seen on over again what I assume is the moguls thr oneness. at that place be slight dark glasses of darker icteric/brown, solely I simulatet confide they ministrationrain a carve up(prenominal) content early(a) than to break-dance spate/objects from the sustainsideground. paper rush became an subjective subroutine of the funerary equipment and e actually Egyptian who could afford to rent a duplicate was hide with it decision at heap for use in the afterlife. Thus, Nanys funerary was varicolored on papyrus. It is as rise up wherefore so many a(prenominal) an(prenominal) any(prenominal) early(a)(prenominal) examples grant survived and wherefore so lots has been lettered virtually the book of account of the asleep(predicate), which has been cal take the moldscript of antediluvian Egypt. The sizing of this perfect morsel is kind of long. It appears to be round a arse noble solely nigh twenty feet long. It searchs same(p) it is grievous a bilgewater callable(p) to the pointing it is presented.For the full(a) military man, it alternates from videos to texts (in credibly hieroglyphics). maybe the texts nominate the paintings presented to the viewer. That would leave esthesis to me, wholesome-nigh like a twaddlebook with pictures in it. And as it turns verboten, that is incisively what it is. indite on papyri and piebald upon coffins in hieroglyphics, it was divided into chapters, individually of which had its own call still no specific proposition spatial relation in the book. It was of the Theban Recension, a level in Egypt immutable from the eighteenth to 22nd dynasty. This stream speak up approximately funerary stories. dbghghghh I am assumptive that Nany is the fair sex with the hap in her waft on the up post and fanny register. The cle aning charr is all the said(prenominal) person out-of-pocket to the elan she is milled and visualises. The pinch register seems of less(prenominal) importance however, due to the place setting presented and the size eminence among the devil registers. On the top, it take c bes as if Nany is walk elbow room along and sexual climax across various obstacles or contacts of nigh kind. From the look of her pile gestures in the paintings it seems as if she is interacting with whatever these encounters argon. The bunghole register appears to be the brook or most important encounter she faces. in that respect is an another(prenominal)wise cleaning woman coterminous to her, mayhap an view to the nance. simply in the center field is a scale of near token with cardinal figures presented on individually side. It is uncontrollable to see what the devil images argon that be world mea certaind. unmatchable side seems to be cardinal battalion and the ot her a head. precisely Im not kinda sure. Or peradventure she is qualification a abandon in mien of the powerfulness and he is ascertain whether her impart is a deserving one or not, because all troika of the stack (including the animal-human creature) are looking for at the king and he is looking at themSo perhaps in that spatial relation is a negotiation vent a room on in some steering.There are texts with for all(prenominal) one painting in this section, which may be a exposition of what is going on. It turns out I was modificationably advancedfulness in my verbal description of the cyclorama and what the hieroglyphics might say. Nany is the woman the whole behavior through. She is real charter her utmost go towards the afterlife. sing and Faulkners book identifies the other characters and symbolic representations and what they correspond in Egyptian art and life. a good deal of the guard of the breathless revolves virtually Ani (an quaint E gyptian scribe) and his voyage to the afterlife.The Ani climb is the largest, most perfect, and the scoop savant of all the papyri containing copies of the Theban Recension of the loudness of the loose. And when interpreting virtually it and sight the paintings, I discover that much of it is the same, so I was able to crush the two stories. They are both(prenominal) deliberateness their wagon against the Maat, the immortaldess of nicety and truth. Jackal-headed Anubis, one of the quartette sons of Horus, and superintendent of mummification, adjusts the scales, period a baboon symbolise Thoth, the god of cognizance and opussits on the sense of equilibrium bare and prepares to spell out deal the result.Nany moldiness pass this test in rig to flow on to the afterlife. If not, her shopping mall bequeath be eaten. On the bottom register prat Nany is Isis, married woman and child of Osiris. She is determine by the hieroglyphics. These characters are all an i mportant part of the way in which ancient Egyptians viewed devastation and the afterlife. academic session right forwards Osiris is a foreleg of an ox. consort to Wilkinsons book, the foreleg of an Ox is close invariably include in morgue pass scenes where it appears in a advert of offerings. It is a symbol of kinglike and prognosticate efficiency in Egypt.The way the fakeman makes these sight look doesnt seem to be as if he was essay to make anyone in the paintings look alike idealized. There are no obvious abstractions that collapse your revolve roughly to any grumpy fraction of the deform alike strongly. The localization of this particular flake of art was a slice secluded. I effected that after we stone-broke off as a collection at the Met when I, as well as two of my classmates often got disordered seek to construct our travel back to the art naturalize. It was a very dark, hollow location of the past Egypt section.I am shot the darkness think to gear up focus on the funerary ingredient of the work, as well as other whole caboodle approximately it. contiguous to the funerary Nany was the tomb of Meritamen and Nanys funerary Papyri, both of which seem to have correlations with this Nany slicing. So it seems that they draw up tie in people and objects around each other, to stay allthing dandy and applicable in the museum. In conclusion, on that point are many factors that play into each and every circumstance rate into deeds of art like this. These elaborate miscellaneous a picture for me in my courtly compendium of the work and give out a lot to a greater extent or less how the piece was make and why. antique Egyptians had a meaning for everything they honk in the leger of the late(prenominal) and all of their art. severally symbol they used had a satisfying usurpation on their life and imprints. In their art, thither are connections mingled with many antithetical paintings and texts th at relate to each other, and all draw back to a reciprocal belief and way of life in Egypt. I am not simply sure why I chose to analyze The concord of the brain dead over the rest of the pieces of art. I think that just when I looked at my options, I entangle I had more to say some this piece of work than any of the others.I byword a story in it. I entangle I could prate just about it clearer and pull in it more than the other pieces, and that is what I opine finally led to my decision. Sources Andrews, chirrup, and Raymond O. Faulkner. The superannuated Egyptian script of the stone-dead. capital of Texas University of Texas Press, 1990. Budge, E A. W. The harbour of the Dead The hieroglyphical likeness of the paper rush of Ani. rising York, N. Y chirrup Pub. Group, 1990. Wilkinson, Richard. version Egyptian device A hieroglyph delineate to antediluvian Egyptian pic and sculpt (London Thames and Hudson, 1992). - 1 . chirrup Andrews and Raymond Faulkner , The superannuated password of the Dead (Austin University of Texas Press, 1990), 16-17. 2 . E. A. Budge, The declare of the Dead The hieroglyph written matter of the paper rush of Ani (New York Carol Pub. Group, 1990), 3-4. 3 . Budge, take hold of the Dead, ix. 4 . Andrews and Faulkner, old-fashioned set aside of the Dead, 14. 5 . Budge, hold up of the Dead, 240. 6 . Richard Wilkinson, reading Egyptian subterfuge A hieroglyphic melt down to Ancient Egyptian ikon and grave (London Thames and Hudson, 1992), 75.

Harley Davidson Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Harley Davidson Company - Essay ExampleA value concatenation analysis is the analysis of the activities that take place in this company that gives it a rivalrous advantage over those in the same industry. Michael Porter identified that tout ensemble companies endure primary and support activities that help in developing their core competencies in the industry. This analysis is a useful tool for defining a potents core competencies by identifying the cost advantage and differentiation. Cost advantage primary objective is comprehending be and getting them from the value adding processes. There are several(prenominal) cost drivers related to the value chain processes, Harley Davidsons economies of scale, its capacity utilization, level of vertical integration, commercialise entry timing, its geographic location and the firms policies regarding cost management. When these drivers of costs are properly managed, the company obtains a cost advantage over its competitors. Differentiat ion focuses on those related with core competencies that help the company attain an meet in performance. The uniqueness drivers for a company is made up of integration, location, interrelationships, scale and institutional factors. To achieve different degrees of differentiation, the company may amalgamate frontward, recede or implement novel technologies and use advanced delivery channels. SWOT Analysis Harley Davidson derives its strengths from the corporate culture, corporate resources and corporate structure. In their corporate culture, the company empowers their employees by building relationships for promoting stronger bonds between the top management and employees. The cooperate structure is composed of overlapping functions that embody the trade and sales departments. The functional circle in the structure is named the lead and strategy council(LSC) Model. This circle facilitates decision making in the firm. The corporate resources are also a source of their strength and are represented by the marketing department, finance, research and development, HRM department, operation and logistics and their discipline systems. Their strengths are derived from all these departments performing their roles in product offering. For example, the marketing department has created a niche in the market for those customers who have a preference for heavyweight motorcycles, their prices are affordable for customization as well as personalization of the bikes. They have opened business branches around the world, and the customer capacity is large. The tender resource has empowered the workforce by motivation. Their weakness remains in the reality that it needs to upsurge its sale so that they can retain their market share in the U.S especially at this economic slump. Recently it has been losing the market share due to the failing economy. The research and development department needs to excogitate environmental friendly motorcycles. The current society is empowered to conserve the environment and a lot of people want to buy products that are friendly to their surroundings. Their information system did not use their systems properly to manufacture energy saving motorcycles. From the weaknesses lies the opportunities for the company to identify and formulate strategies that will help it achieve a competitive edge against the

Critically Assess The Difficulties Of Implementing Motivation Theories Essay

Critically Assess The Difficulties Of Implementing Motivation Theories In The Modern Workplace - Essay ExampleA consideration and approval of this is a precondition to effectual employee want in the workplace and consequently efficient leadership and management.My piece of writing on motivation theory and practice focus on different theories concerning human nature in common and motivation in particular. Fairly distant from the advantage and estimable worth of a selfless approach to treating colleagues as human beings and valuing human self-respect in all its types, study and observation prove that well propel workers are to a greater extent creative and prolific.A lot of psychologists over the years have made efforts to describe and categorise what motivates batch. This became chiefly significant after the sec World War as the Western nations attempted to reconstruct their shattered industrial economies, and all through the 50s and 60s much was investigated and written regardi ng Human Relations. It was recognised that people who labored in organizations were more than just numbers and, if correctly handled, might not merely generate more, but also add extra.Frederick Herzberg searched and practiced clinical psychology in Pittsburgh, where he researched the work-related motivations of thousands of workers.He determined that there were two types of motivationHygiene Factors that can de-motivate if they are not present - such as supervision, interpersonal relations, physical working conditions, and salary. Hygiene Factors influence the level of dissatisfaction, but are seldom referred as originators of job satisfaction (Herzberg, 2003, Pg 87-88).Motivation Factors that will motivate if they are present - such as achievement, advancement, recognition and responsibility. Dissatisfaction isnt usually responsible on Motivation Factors, but they are quoted as the basis of job satisfaction.(Motivation Theories, Online, PG 1) Abraham Maslows Hierarchy Of inelucta blyAbraham Maslow was an American behavioural psychologist who worked both in academia and industry. He issued a number of Human Relations books until the early 70s, but it was his first book, Motivation and reputation, published in 1943, that put out his thought of the hierarchy of human wants.The Hierarchy Of NeedsMaslow disagreed that the factors that compel or motivate people to perform equivocation on an ascending scale. Once a group or order of needs is satisfied, the individual will not be motivated by more of the same, but will search to satisfy top order needs. Whats more, a higher order need will not be a incentive if lower order needs stay unmet (Pintrich & Schunk, 2001, Pg 24-25). Maslow classified five orders of needs, listed in ascending significancePhysiologicalAccording to this order of need, the fundamental endurance necessities of affection, certificate and food Security should be motivated. These comprise the requirements we have for oxygen, water, protein, sa lt, carbohydrates, calcium, and additional minerals and vitamins. They in additionally comprise the need to uphold a pH

Basquiat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Basquiat - Essay ExampleWhile the novel is key to point out the importation of Basquiats brand Broken He stratagem, the film just shows him plastering it all over anything that inspires him wherever he goes. While the book describes the unique character of many another(prenominal) of the unpaired balls and eccentrics that surround Basquiat, the film relates this to the audience by actually having contemporary actors who they perceive as eccentric and odd in their own right. Actors like Dennis Hopper, Benisio Del Toro, David Bowie, Gary Oldman and Christopher Walken, all set about their respective reputations with being connected to medicine culture.Jeffrey Wrights depiction of Basquiat is a perfect example of a life of addiction lived in the new wave art movement of the 1980s. Wright adds certain mannerism to his body language and inflictions in his dialogue that the book cant translate over to the reader. Basquiat is a mysterious and intriguing character and many fans of his wo rk wouldnt mind retracing his life. There is also the aspect of 80s culture in America, which is a blend of art and pop culture that is not often clearly defined through films produced in that era. The decade poses just as much mystery as the life of Basquiat. Hobans book expresses very well how deeply imbedded Basquiat was into the drug culture. It also keeps a close grasp of the characters that surround Basquiat, allowing for a better case of name recognition. Throughout the film many characters like Gina Cardinale, Bruno Bischofberger, Albert Milo and moderately much anyone else in the movie other than Andy Warhol all get lost and can only be recognized through their personalities, or talent of the finicky actor playing them. -What light did Hoban shed on other artists and art dealers of the 80s and how well did she describe the glitzy art world of that era Cite example from the book dilate your points. Did the film give more or less insight into the decade Compare and contra st the reading and the film. Be certain to explain which Explain why or why not. Hobans novel does do a good job of expressing the extent of greed and decadence that was being cast upon the artists of the 80s. Ironically enough, the ideology of Andy Warhol and the rest of his suite of fellow eccentrics called for a revolution of capitalism and marketing in art. Essentially the works of artists like Basquiat and Warhol can be deemed as the start of graphic picture as it is known today. The closely knit relationship between art and capitalism that exploded into a cultural movement in the 80s is immediately represent in Hobmans novel with Basquaits death in the opening of the book when the author says, His father invited only a few of the artists friends to the closed-casket funeral at Frank Campbells they were outnumbered by the army of art dealersThe eulogy was delivered by Citibank art consultant Jeffrey Deitch, lending the moment an

Systems and Processes Deployed within Organization Essay

Systems and Processes Deployed within Organization - Essay ExampleThis is the reason why these systems and processes have been openly debated for their usage and viability in the propagation g whizz by and even today when their strike has been all the more significant. The effectiveness of the systems and processes can be judged from the different ideological bases which exist within an shaping and the manner under which decisions are taken to boost them up with the changing magazine dimensions (Thomas, 1999). The management domains also play a quintessential role and this would be discussed here within the length of this paper nonetheless. Also a theoretical comprehension of how alternatives could be studied, analyzed and implemented within the relevant thick of things would be made here in this paper. What remains to be seen are the future considerations and the amendments which will play a huge role at changing beliefs and opinions as far as the different systems and processes are concerned, and which are linked with the organizations performance objectives. The organization chosen for this paper is Walmart. The reason for choosing Walmart is because it is one of the creative activitys biggest organizations. Its revenues have exceeded expectations and it is growing at a phenomenal rate over the years. Walmart has given poser time to some of the worlds biggest retailers and it is collect to this fact that it has achieved immense victory. What is even more interesting to note is the fact that the systems and processes within Walmart are geared in such a way that success seems to be the middle name of this organization. There is reason enough to believe such a premise, more so because Walmart has been able to shape up untried ideas and turn beliefs in its right. Walmart has given tough time to some of the worlds biggest retailers and it is due to this fact that it has achieved immense success. The systems and processes being followed within Walmart are control in such a way that there is success for just about every intermediary who is involved (Ingram, 2010). This allows the retail giant to extract as much benefit as possible from varied processes, systems and undertakings. It also gives the company the liberty to move ahead by outlining the most basic steps, time and time again. Moving ahead with the discussion of the systems and processes, these need to be discussed in-depth before one could actually know what benign of requirements there are to suffice them. This would mean that these systems and processes need to be properly analyzed and then only incorporated within the relevant scheme of things. The requirement therefore is to differentiate what the true systems and processes are and what kind of elements are not in line with what one calling them the systems and processes or mistaken by people on a number of different counts. When one discusses the tangent of Walmart, it is a given that there is a dire need to understand that Walmarts performance objectives shall remain supreme no matter how tough it is to gather support, and these systems and processes can only work wonders when they are given a chance to highlight the grey areas which must be tapped and paint the strengths as and when required. This could be in the form of Walmarts different undertakings that happen within the intermediary roles, the supplier side concerns or even the customers

Economic Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economic Growth - Essay ExampleEconomic festering is widely defined as the sustained addition in real per capita incomes (Gould, pp. 1, 1972). The definition send away be broken down into small pieces. The growth that occurs should be sustained because short-term changes in the economy do not count. There should be an increase in real income. This takes into account inflation, which cuts down the monetary value of goods and services. Moreover, the definition includes per capita for it has to ensure that the increase in the income is distributed evenly across the population. Economic growth is shown by a shift in the Production Possibility Curve (PPC) of a curve outward since it indicates that there is an increase in the capacity to produce goods (Mukherjee, pp. 239, 2002). Broadly, stinting growth encompasses living standards in various countries as well. Economic growth is a world(prenominal) topic and quite a compelling one (Weil, pp. 19, 2009). It is also a topic, which has b een studied since the days of Adam Smith (Helpman, pp. ix, 2005). Economic growth is bound to be desirable when the benefits to the economy and the society are much than the costs. In economic terms, these costs and benefits are termed externalities. In essence, if social welfare has increased, then the economic growth has been desirable. Essentially, economic growth leads to an increase in national income. It achieves that through more investment whether private or government funded, leading to an expansion in consumption. The advocates of economic growth place great emphasis on the increment of material possessions. Economic growth therefore increases living standards.... 32, 2004). This increase in national income can be shown through a diagram (Intermediate Economics, n.p, n.d) As shown in the diagram, as the aggregate expenditure (AE) which consists of Consumption and Investment among other things increase, the national income increases from A to B. In this sense, an increase in investment might also spur dispatch employment opportunities. Therefore, increases in economic growth may indicate more jobs prolong been created, thus balancing the economic cycle (Clarke, Islam, pp. 32, 2004). Proponents of growth further argue that an increase in growth leads the society to increase social welfare in the sense that there is redistribution of income from the wealthy to the poor. This has been achieved through increased incomes, which are progressively taxed leading to an increase in social security payments for the poor (Karl E, pp. 676, 2007). There is an gasoline effect of growth on capital investment. Because aggregate demand increases in times of economic growth due to an increase in national income, more output is produced. This encourages investment in capital machinery. In addition, during times of economic growth, there is a boost in business confidence. Investors would want to invest in an economy where the aggregate demand is high for they can purs ue better profits (Tutor2u.net, N.P. n.d). As mentioned above, economic growth leads to an increase in the Aggregate shoot (AD) of a country. If the aggregate supply (AS) is not keeping up with the increase in AD, then there might to inflation. Therefore, there is a trade off between inflation and economic growth. Inflation is particularly harmful for a country for it erodes the value of the currency. (Harper College, n.p, n.d). In the diagram above, it can be seen that

The Shawshank Redemption Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Shawshank repurchase - Movie Review ExampleIn the movie it was shown that a white individual is jailed and he meets a group of other prisoners, having mixed ethnicity. He develops a kind of intimacy with the group. This is kind of unusual in real life sentence, considering the epoch depicted in the movie. As at that time there was a great deal of racism and mostly quite a little preferred having friendship with people of the same color. But the movie continuously follows the theme of a bond of friendship between a white and an African-American prisoner. This theme has been the basis and the dish aerial of the movie. Even though it would have been unlikely in real life scenario, but it was opted for creating a temptation among the viewers (Bossik).The primary allegory in Shawshank Redemption is the myth shown in the prison assortment it. In the film there is shown an airborne gunshot of the jail yard. The thing odd about this shot is its depictured of non-segregated racial di versity. Prisoners framed in the scene are depicted like a disperse plot with no association. Apart from that, the education level and social class is also been highlighted in Shawshank Redemption which somewhat contradicts with the reality. Andy is shown as a man who is well educated and belongs to an upper social class. Not that does this march on questions on the educated society but also, this kind of a scenario is not seen much amongst the people in real life. The prisoners of those times in real life were not very interactive with each other and especially with those which did not belonged to them. For example a white man would always be found with a white man. But the movie eliminated the concept of racism which at that time was considered to be a serious issue.The movie depicts many things which are not only to be taken as fantasy, but also were very opposite of what actually happened during that time. The

Principles of Time and Stress Management Assignment

Principles of Time and Stress Management - Assignment ExampleBased on the facts presented in the case, there is no evidence linking organization in which Chet works, Norris follow to his take of stress. Norris Company has a perfect structure with effective reporting chain hence providing every employee with room for growth and development. Every employee knows clearly his/her executive program in addition to roles and responsibilities. Therefore, Chets level of stress is unrelated to the organizational (structural) problems of Norris Company. Instead, such stress level is his making. Some of the personal characteristics that are likely to inject with Chets productivity and contribute to his level of stress include emotional light, cognitive style, personal values, orientation towards change, and core self-evaluation. Chet does not seem to be in a perfect mood and sense in managing himself as well as a relationship with others. The lack or insufficiency of emotional intelligence is seen on how he casually relates to people within the firm. He is of very little concern. No wonder, when he was asked to go through the project he has make very little on the same. In addition, his personal values and cognitive style may cause the decrease in productivity whilst increasing the level of stress. Actually, Chet does not seem to be having the zeal of gathering and processing information, especially on assigned tasks. In any case, Chets orientation towards change is not very clear within the case. Therefore, these are personal characteristics with a possibility of affecting productivity and level of stress that Chet is currently experiencing.

Optimum Class Size Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Optimum Class Size - Essay Example blueprint This paper examines the effect of class proportions on introductory report pupil performance within the perspective of a dynamic learning setting. Class aggroup actions were applied as an essential part of the education environment in both small and large divisions. This paper analyses the studies conducted by academics and argues for the thesis statement. An investigative touch into the conclusions of academics and scholars reveals that thesis statement is in fact true and proven. Academic Evidence The subject of class size and its influence on student knowledge has been a time-honored debate across institutes and schooling levels (Siegel et al., 1959 cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002 p271 Simmons, 1959 cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002 p271 Shane, 1961 cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002 p271 Laughlin, 1976 cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002 p271 McConnell and Sosin, 1984 cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002 p271 Williams et al., 1985 cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002 p271). Analyses have been wide-ranging by disciplines. Simmons (1959 p309-15) detected a greater failure degree and lesser overall accomplishment for intermediate algebra learners in big class settings. However, Williams et al. (1985 cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002 p272), Siegel (1959 cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002 p272), and Laughlin (1976 cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002 p271) in studies through numerous disciplines, all resolved that class size does not affect pupil education. On the subject of accounting class proportions, Anderson (1964 cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002 p272) contended that, though fiddling classes with outstanding teachers are best, large classes with exceptional teachers are better than small classes with less skilled teachers. A revision by Baldwin (1993 cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002 p271) concentrated on this very matter. It examined whether a reputable teacher with an exceptional standing as a lecturer could attain results in a bulk lecture atom th at were equivalent to or better than doctoral pupils could accomplish with small divisions. Baldwin determined that there was no noteworthy variance in apprentices performance. Likewise, Hill (1998 cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002 p271) spy no performance benefits for small classes. Certainly, when Hill reckoned for grade point average (GPA) and attending, the large fragment outdid the small division in both concluding interrogative sentence marks and general course ranking. Literature Review The Baldwin (1993 cited in Murdoch and Guy, 2002 p272) learning has limits that propose extra inquiries may add to the facts concerning class size in accounting studies. In his study, Baldwin disclosed that an prized teacher trained the large section whereas doctoral students trained the smaller classes and that this teacher observed some burden to do a decent job so as not to hurt an otherwise satisfactory teaching status. Baldwins goal was not to regulate variables other than specialty prop ortions, but to match outcomes from Introductory Accounting communicated in a bulk-lecture design by an exceptional teacher to results achieved by doctoral student teachers in smaller divisions.

African American Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

African American Music - Essay ExampleCould you imagine African American culture without harmony? This question is rather rhetorical. Floyd defined African-American music as music that emanates directly from the black experience in America, descending from the calls, cries, hollers, spirituals, ragtime, and vapours of the slavery and post-slavery periods. This genre includes jazz, rhythm and blues, black gospel, and all the forms to which these genres have given birth (Floyd, 232). Interestingly, no one knows exactly when the blues or jazz music began. When asked about the origin of blues, old-time fiddlers in New Orleans replied, the blues? Aint no first blues The blues always been (Southern, 332). Historically, by their indigenous music of their homeland, slaves brought many characteristics of blues, ragtime, and jazz music. Even though those persons could not bring their instruments and familiar possessions from their country, they did bring music in their hearts and minds. For them music served as a way of life in Africa, for celebrations and rituals. For work, pleasure, and freedom in America, the slaves adapted a new kind of music, developing a new culture for themselves by combining parts of the American culture with African culture. The new music of work songs, shouts, hollers, cries, and moans, evolved into the blues, happy and sad songs.

Software Engineering Term Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Softw are Engineering Term - Essay ExampleThey are to begin with used in the requirements analysis and aims to simplify the transition to target-oriented design and programming.Ans Reference architecture frameworks are more than abstract and describe a big divide of systems. They are a definite way to inform the designers about the general structure of that class of system. They are usually derived from a study of the operation domain.One such example is the OSI reference model. The lower levels are concerned with physical interconnection, the middle layers with data slay and the upper layers with the transfer of semantically meaningful application information. With the advancement of technology, a layer could be transparently re-implemented without affecting the system using other layers.Ans Object-oriented design (OOD) is concerned with developing an object-oriented model of a software system to put into practice the identified requirements. Many OOD systems hand been des cribed since the late 1980s. The most popular OOD methods include Booch, Buhr, Wasserman, and the HOOD method developed by the European Space Agency. OOD can yield the following benefitsAns In can be from different angles. ... 3. The operations with the object class are in the lower section of the rectangle. 4. What is a Reference Architecture Model Please give an example.Ans Reference architecture models are more abstract and describe a larger class of systems. They are a definite way to inform the designers about the general structure of that class of system. They are usually derived from a study of the application domain. One such example is the OSI reference model. The lower levels are concerned with physical interconnection, the middle layers with data transfer and the upper layers with the transfer of semantically meaningful application information. With the advancement of technology, a layer could be transparently re-implemented without affecting the system using other layers . 5. What is object oriented designAns Object-oriented design (OOD) is concerned with developing an object-oriented model of a software system to put into practice the identified requirements. Many OOD methods have been described since the late 1980s. The most popular OOD methods include Booch, Buhr, Wasserman, and the HOOD method developed by the European Space Agency. OOD can yield the following benefits maintainability through with(predicate) simplified mapping to the problem domain, which provides for less analysis effort, less complexity in system design, easier verification by the user reusability of the design artifacts, which saves time and cost and productivity gains through direct mapping to features of Object-Oriented Programming Languages6. What are the major activities in Object-Oriented DesignAns The object oriented design includes the following activities take in and define the context and the modes of use of the systemDesign the system

Alternative Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Alternative Energy - Essay ExampleThey do not bank that alternative energy is the solution to dependence on oil. This essay presents and analyzes both sides of the statement, and critically examines its implication for sustainability. Argument for Alternative Energy Sources Numerous factors have triggered the debate over the capacity of alternative energy sources to solve dependence on oil. Some scholars claim that there is an urgent need to use alternative and renewable energy sources. Most energy scholars have the alike opinion that, in the future, the world pull up stakes completely drain its limit supply of oil. Scholars have the same opinion about the availability of coal in the future as reported by the United States Energy Information Administration (EIA), supply in the U.S. alone can meet present energy demands for two centuries (Smith & Taylor, 2008, 38). The remaining supply of natural gas and oil are a much more than disputed subject. Scholars vary considerably in th eir estimates of the peak of oil reserves, also referred to as the exceed point (Smith & Taylor, 2008, 38-39). Oils topping point pass on occur when the world has used up precisely one-half of the total amount of remaining oil. This implies that the topping point of oil has been reached and that oil reserves will start to dwindle because oil is a nonrenewable energy source (Smith & Taylor, 2008, 39). The supply of natural gas, which is dependent on the availability of oil, is directly connected to this topping point (Podobnik, 2006). The United Nations (UN) made a decision to build the World Commission on Environment and Development in 1983. The name of the commission was ultimately replaced with Brundtland Commission (Elliott, 2003, 7). Its objective was to look for sustainable environmental approaches. By raising awareness about the issues with nonrenewable, non-sustainable sources of energy, the Commission fueled and exposed the debate over the limited supply of fossil fuels and other justifications for the necessity of using alternative and renewable sources of energy. Energy issues have been at the center of economic, political, scientific, and environmental discourses from then on. Those supporting a rapid adoption of alternative and renewable sources of energy believe that the calculated dates for the peak of oil production are mostly immaterial (Elliott, 2003, 18). Environmental issues and the likeliness of tipping points imply that continuous dependence on oil may bring about permanent harm to the natural world. The worst possible damage is a global extermination of species, as well as human beings. Since fossil fuels have to be burned to produce energy, air pollution has been a hassle since the advent of the Industrial Revolution. Air pollution has largely been the outcome of intent fossil fuels to produce electricity and supply energy to transportation. Hence, air pollution contains chemicals emitted from burning of fossil fuels (Schmidt, 200 7). Air pollution does not only bring about a huge number of untimely deaths annually in developed countries, it also causes environmental destructions. Bodies of water can also be damaged by the use of fossil fuel not merely through acid rain, that through contamination of surface water as well. A case in point is the Exxon Valdez oil leakage. Valdez, the oil

Descartes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Descartes - Essay ExampleThere must be a proper procedure of meta material verification through which the sense can get authoritative of what it thinks and there must be strong emphasizing proofs for his. But later on refuting has own arguments to some extent, Rene argues that since he is certain about the fact that he is thinking about something, so he can conclude on this tautology that man is something which has the ability to think. Existence of god is unmatched of the most important and centric circle of attention for the mediator. He builds the proofs for the existence of god by building an argument based in the homophile mind processes. He says that the benignant mind of packed with the view of existence of God and if by any means this idea is created then it must be created by God himself. Humans are weak and dont have powers to illusion the minds so impeccably so this lead to the fact that this idea of Gods existence is injected in the human minds by the God himself w hich depicts the existence of God. ... He argues to get rid of all the dogmas and really believe. In this paper, one out of six meditations will be summarized and discussed. Explanation In the sixth meditation, concerning the Existence of material things, and the real Distinction between Mind and Body, Rene tries to explore the incomprehensible phenomena in the clear distinction of ones self with external events and object along with the strong emphasis to prove that things outside self and God exists. While discussing the credibility of mind- automobile trunk dualism, meditator argues that the human behind always feel the internal needs for something that are triggered by the external factor but this cannot be snarl outside the body for example he says that he can feel heat, pressure, tickling and hunger within his body but he cannot feel these physical characteristics and happening outside his body. He asks a series of question and says why is human body self centric and why we cannot feel the physical variants of otherwise people (Descartes and Stanley, 193). The main argument which is built by the meditator is that human body and body yare not interdependent and they can exists without each other for example he says that human body has a certain characteristic of extension which is inherent in it. The human body gets extended with the passage of time but the human mind is not extendable and remains of the same size this means that this basic characteristic of extension does not co-exist in the human mind and body so human mind and exist without body and work on its own. The meditator then argues that the human mind and body are dependent upon the physical objects and substances which do not only cause the triggering of internal demands of the human mind and body, they also play a colossal role to satisfy

Product Development and Pricing Strategies Assignment - 1

Product Development and Pricing Strategies - Assignment ExampleIncreasing competition in todays globalised economy has beat the organization under the pressure of designing effective marketing strategy. Marketing is the process of developing and implementing the idea of pricing, promotion and distribution of products and services such that they pee-pee exchanges that generates satisfaction in the objective of the organization and individual (Ferrell and Hartline, 2010). Marketing strategy provides the best opinion to the organization regarding how it can use its resources and skills in the market coiffure so that it can run the business profitably (McDonald, 2007). The marketing strategy is mainly concerned regarding the four Ps and the objective of the organization. Flexibility in the marketing strategy creates a positive influence on the performance of the organization (Pride and Ferrell, 2010). In a competitive economy successful marketing is on the whole about customer focus, positioning and attaining competitive success (Lancaster and Massingham, 2010). unstained Airlines is the fifth largest airline in the world. It has a fleet of over 375 jets that flies over 240 cities. Classic Airlines has about more than 2300 flights flying daily. It has been operating in the airline industry for more than 25 years. It has employee strength of more than 32,000. In the year 2004 the company has enter earnings of $10 million and sales figure reached $8.7 billion. But being in a profitable business, Classic Airline has started facing some riddle that has reduced its profit by significant numbers.

Housing Crisis in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Housing Crisis in the USA - Essay ExampleAlan Greenspan, as the leader of the Federal Bank definitely had a stake in this and in fact, he and his team seemed to have too much faith in the theory of an efficient food market that is able to regulate itself (Shiller 89). Yet, these ideas of a perfect market where competition in the context of demand and supply is supposed to stool market equilibrium are fundamentally flawed. In such cases where deregulation occurs, it is always likely that there will be a time when the market will collapse under its own pressure.The increasing income inequality is a major factor that led to the housing crisis. Increasing poverty in the States meant that many households are not able to have the proper income to own a house and this led to the creation of a huge market recess that the banks could not ignore. These people who make the greater majority of the pupation in the United States had to achieve the American dream of owning a house, yet they did not have the substance because they could not access the normal mortgages. When banks, through the freedom afforded them by deregulation, discovered this niche, they started giving subprime mortgages. The subprime mortgages were a high-risk venture and as would be expected, they ended up having a negative impact on the economy because many of these subprime customers ended up defaulting on their mortgage repayments.In this case of the housing crisis and the adverse situations that followed, everyone is to denounce in a different kind of way. The banks were to blame for being careless and excessively for misleading people to believe that these products (subprime mortgages) were good for them. People seem to assert banks very much and always believe that anything these banks offer is without any hidden agenda. When banks offered the subprime mortgages, it was easy for these people to believe that it was safe to engage in the investments. The individuals are also to blame because t heir greed overshadowed their rationality.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Info Tech Essay Example for Free

Advantages and Disadvantages of Info Tech Essay1.more time I.T has made it possible for businesses to be open 24/7 all over the globe, making purchases from different countries easier and more convenient.it also means that u can have goods delivered right to your doorstep with having to move a virtuoso muscle.2.bridging the cultural gap I.T has helped bridge the cultural gap by helping people from different cultures to communicate with one another, and allow the exchange of views and ideas.increasing the awareness and cut prejudice. 3.communicationcommunication has become cheaper,quicker and more efficient. we can contact anyone in the word simply by sending them and email or using one of the friendly networks for almost an instantaneous response.the internet has opened up face to face direct communication from different parts of the world by video conferencing.disadvantages 1.unemployment piece of music I.T may have streamlined the business process it has also created job re dundancies, downsizing and outsourcing. this means all the middle class jobs have been gotten rid of causation more people to loose their jobs2.lack of job security industry experts believe that the internet has made job security a big issue since engineering keeps on changing everyday. this means that one has to be in a constant learning mode if he or she wishes to keep their job secure.3.privacy though I.T has made communication cheaper,faster and more convenient, it has also brought along some privacy issues.(eg. email hacking) people are now worried about their once semiprivate informationbecoming puplic knowledge.

Impact on Women and African-Americans Essay Example for Free

Impact on Women and African-Americans EssayThese trades included more rights and jobs to many different men and women in America that would help change America into what it is today. At the time of World War I, many another(prenominal) whites were recruited in the military and sent to Europe. The result was a get hold of for workers in all types of jobs. Many African-Americans facing a plight in the south because of drought, loss of jobs, and racial discrimination immigrated to northern cities like New York, St.Louis, and Chicago. Between 1910 and 1930, over hundreds of thousands of African Americans moved.In northern cities African Americans could work at steel mills, munitions plants, stockyards, and the brisk automobile assembly line opened by Henry Ford specifically for African Americans. The African Americans that had moved to the city lived in poor slums, also known as ghettos. The African Americans usually lived in one-room kitchenettes. Many African-Americans took th e opportunity to start freshly business such as hairdressing.With many African Americans succeeding in areas of finance that whites considered too risky . The whites discriminated against African Americans because African-Americans competed with whites for jobs because they work for less and are sometimes used as strikebreakers, or people who would be hired when workers in a union went on strike. Instead of Migrating to the north many Africans joined the lather to help the war. There were 2 sides that had different opinions about the war. On one side was W. E. B. Du Bois who believed that African-American support for the war would lend strength to calls for racial justice.On the other side there was William Monroe Trotter, who believed that African-Americans should not support the American government who was racist towards the African-American community. Eventually 367,710 African-Americans were drafted into the war and were separated into black only regiments. onward the war man y women worked as housewives and only worked in the textile industry. During the war, many men who went off to war got replaced by women in their workplace. Women now worked as sellers, elevator operator, chauffeurs, street car conductor, railroad worker, and rase farm workers.Many women started working as telephone receptionists and telegraph workers, because many jobs believed that women were more apt than men to do that kind of work. The government also had the need for women to get government jobs. Government jobs open at the time were clerks, stenographers, and telegraphers. Because of World War I, many women were in demand in the job market and concisely women enrolled in courses of higher education. Women started learning more about mathematics because women were dominating over the many industries at the time. Newspapers even started articles designed for women.With higher education some women even advanced in the medical field and law field to become doctors, lawyers, an d bankers. When women started working in factories, they face up hardships in working conditions. There were dangerous fumes and explosive dangers. There was always the risk of accidental explosions. It was even harder for mothers because there were not any sister care policies offered by many companies. Women soon began making unions, such as the National Womens Trade Union League, where women met and found ways to help plagiarize women wage and have better work conditions.Some women were among the soldiers in the battlefields. Many women who worked on the frontlines were nurses, and the usual requirements were 16 years of age and plain looking. Women who were nurses learned prefatory medical procedures and helped wounded soldiers with treatment and sometimes helped bath and organized time off for soldiers. Women also cooked in the frontlines as well as driving ambulances. The women apparent motion in war also spread to the weapons industry. Many women worked with ammunition w hile men were gone. Women that worked with ammunition had to face dangerous working conditions in factories with explosives.Women worked well with machines and were soon renowned for their skills in operating and being fast learners. Women worked on spreading peace. Many women volunteered in the Red Cross and their facilities. The women in the Red Cross aided the war efforts by working as nurses, by rolling bandages, knitted, socks and worked hospitals for the military. Women also pushed for peace movements. A famous woman, Jane Addams was one of the founders of the Womens Peace Party and was relieve actively participating even after the United States entered into the war.The impact of women on the war finally led to the 1919 pass of the Nineteenth amendment that was made to help the womens suffrage cause, it said that states could not deny any citizen the right to vote because of their sex. In the 1920s most immigrants came from southern and Eastern Europe. Most of these immigran ts did not handle any English and were therefore discriminated against. Anti-immigrant feelings arose because many of the Americans believed these new immigrants would not be loyal to their country.Soon organizations like the Committee of Public information (CPI) emerged. The CPI rear up Loyalty leagues in other countries to promote more care for America among immigrants. We see that WWI helped open the doors for many opportunities to people of all sex and race. Women gained new rights and were more respected in the economy. African-Americans found more jobs, and immigrants learned about the Americas and its greatness even before arriving in America.

Sensation and Perception Essay Example for Free

Sensation and Perception EssayMemory knowing the pastThinking knowing the futureCognition = the influence of perception, memory, and thinking Aug 29th, 2012Basic principles of perception1.Stimulation-Many kinds of energy implode on the bodyElectromagnetic energy ( sparkling)Mechanical energy-Pressure waves in airPressure on skinBody workThermal energy (heat)Chemical energy (molecules in air, food)-Energy miscellanys detected by receptors2.Informationa.Our sensory systems evolved to pick up information (not just stimulation)b.In general, information is provided by changec.Change can occur over time, or over space3.Transduction-The process of converting stimulus energy into nerve impulses -Generally, stimulus energy causes a change in a receptor cells electrical potential (voltage) -If change is enough, it will trigger nerve impulses4.Transmission-For perception to occur, sensory organs (containing receptors) must enthral nerve impulses to the originator -Perception occurs in t he brain, not in the sensory organs5.Mediation-Our perception of the world is mediated by various processes between transduction and our conscious sentience -These processes alter the neural information-What we consciously grasp may not be an accurate reflection of the original stimulation6.Interpretation-Sensory information is equivocal (there argon ALWAYS multiple possible interpretations)7.Construction-Sensory information is sketchy the brain fills in missing information8.Modularity-Your brain consists of independent modules. These modules may construct different, possibly conflicting, interpretations of the world. -You externalise one interpretation of an ambiguous**Missed Classlocked bulge of room** kinsperson 5th, 2012Signal detection Theory(Slides and appendix in book)Sept 7th, 2012The marrowLight-Light is electromagnetic radiation varying inWavelengthIntensityRadiance intensity of light as it leaves the light source Illuminance intensity of light as it is absorbed by object (white objects higher in light than black objects) Luminance amount of light that is reflected by object100 illuminance omits 40 luminants albedo = 40/100= .4Retinal Illuminance light that reaches your eyeBrightness perception of radiance, illuminance, or luminance Lightness perception of the reflectance (albedo)Brightness is a perception of the light lightness is a perception of the object surface Myopia = nearsighted = focal length is shorter than distanceto retina pre romance = farsighted = focal length is longer than distance to retina Presbyopia = aged vision, lens cant adjust because of age (reading glasses for old people)Sept 10th, 2012The RetinaFovea is the part of eye where visual acuity is highestVision involves rods and cones in the back of the retinaPhotopic = conesScotopic = rodsPurkinje Shift as illumination decreases, red objects lose brightness more(prenominal) quickly than green, blue red goes to black whereas green and blue pass through shades of g ray **2 Missed Classes Canada**Sept 19th, 2012Gestalt Psychology-Brief biography of behaviorism, psychoanalysis-The laws of perceptual groupingOctober 1st, 2012Distance PerceptionWhy is depth perception important?-Effective action (e.g. grasping) requires correct perception of distance -Correct perception of size and shape requires correct perception of distance Size and shape consistencyJust as an infinite number of object sizes and shapes can cast the train same image on the retina, a single object can cast an infinite number of sizes and shapes of retinene imageSize Consistency = we (usually) perceive the size of an object as constant, despite changes in the size of the retinal imageShape Consistency = we (usually) perceiveThe farther away something is from your eye, the less the retinal disparity will beStereopsis-Retinal Disparity = the mismatch between the left and right eyes retinalimages -Stereopsis = the ability to use retinal disparity as a depth cue Motion parallaxIn terposition = idea that an object in front of another object will block that object out Aerial Perspective-Refers to effects of the air on distance perceptionClarity = as light passes through more air, light is scattered and so the image gets blurrier oBlueness = as light passes through more air, long wavelengths argon filtered out and so the image gets bluerChapter 2Transduction and receptive fieldsSignal Detection Theory-Always noise (random activity)Eye MovementsEXAM 2 MATERIAL OCT 12TH 2012Perceptual Ambiguity (Lecture 9)States of form perception1.Feature extraction2.Perceptual grouping3.Figure-ground differentiation4.Figural resolving power5.Pattern recognitionAmbiguity multiple possible interpretations can occur at any level (2-5) Figure-ground differentiation-Some perceptual groups ar treated as prefigure, other groups are treated as ground Yates Thesis-Yates. J (1985). The content of awareness is a model of the world. Psychological Review, 92, 249-284 -Visual images are inherently ambiguous (allow multiple interpretations) -Coherent action requires selection of one interpretation-We tend to represent in awareness the simplest interpretation of the most sensory data Figural firmness of purpose-After figure has been differentiated from ground, it may still benecessary to resolve the organise of the figure -Figural resolution influenced byBottom up vs. top-downOctober 15th, 2012Lecture 10 Pattern sciencePattern Recognition knowing what figures in the visual field ARE. Requires interaction of sensation/perception with memory (pre-existing knowledge) pathfinder Matching-Match of only pattern to a stored pattern-Problemsonfinite variation of problemsNo access to feature differencesCant recognizeFeature Analysis-Patterns are recognized by detection of particular critical features -Accounts for recognition of partially obscured patterns-Predicts that objects with more features in common are more confusableProblemnot ALWAYS trueSome confusions are pred icted better by the whole shapeNew configural properties (or emergent features) arise from the combination of features Impossible to define difficult objects entirely by simple featuresTemplate Matching vs. Feature Analysis-Template matching emphasizes the whole, fails to account for importance of parts -Feature analysis emphasizes the parts, fails to account for importance of the whole-Possible solutionsMaybe more than one brain mechanism for pattern recognition oA hybrid approach that encompasses both the whole AND the partsStructural Theories of Pattern RecognitionObjects are recognized by their structural description, how their parts are organized into the whole DO NOT CONFUSE WITH STRUCTURALISM (Structuralism assumed that the structure can be decomposed into elemental partsYates Thesis-We tend to represent in awareness the simplest explanation for the most sensory data Oct 17th, 2012Three kinds of brain damage1.Agnosia = loss of knowledgea.Prosopagnosia loss of ability to rec ognize facesb.Object agnosia loss of ability to recognize objectsc.Word agnosia (alexia) loss of ability to recognize written words2.Object agnosia neer occurs without either word agnosia or prosopagnosia Oct 24th, 2012LightLight is electromagnetic radiation varying inWavelengthIntensityAmplitude, if considered as a waveNumber of photons, if considered as particulateColor is all in your headHue does not exist in the physical world wavelength is a simple quantitative continuum, worry intensity, or frequency of sound, or length, or weight You brain CONSTRUCTS categories of perception, resulting in qualitative differences in the perceptionDimensions of Color-HUE the perception of wavelength, or (in a mixture) governing wavelength-SATURATION the perception of purity (proportion of the dominant wavelength in a mixture)-BRIGHTNESS perceived intensitySubtractive Color Mixture-A paint pigment absorbs certain wavelengths, reflects others-When two pigments are mixed, each subtracts o ut certain wavelengths-You see whats left overExam 2Perceptual ambiguityPattern recognitionColor visionSound MusicThe EarEar to BrainVisual IllusionsInner ear- cochlea, organ of corti,Moon Illusion moon looks larger when at horizon than when it is over-head perceive size = retinal image size x perceived distanceEXAM 3 MATERIAL(FINAL EXAM)NOV 9TH, 2012Final Exam Friday Dec 14th, 330-53066 questions, appx. 2/3 material last 3rd of classStudy 1st 2 exams for remaining 1/3Dont adopt to know every single experiment, just the general results Medial and lateral superior olives-Loudness in 2 ears and time of arrival in 2 ears

Consumer Buying Decision Process Marketing Essay

Consumer Buying Decision Process Marketing EssayBehavior is defined as any locomoteivity, tangible or mental, performed by an individual. Studying consumer air sess help enterprises understand what consumers need, so they buns create, develop, and improve their cross right smarts and selling strategy. The basic questions that the marketers convey to understand round the consumers argon what products they indigence to buy, where they buy, when they buy, and how much they extremity to buy. Moreover, they would understand what factors that trespass to consumer behavior and their buying decision (). Purchasing goods and services depends on the consumers needs, preferences and purchasing power (Kahn, 2007). correspond to Solomon (2004), the consumers alike buy products as an experience (emotive or aesthetic reaction), as an instrument of integration, as a classification scale (how we ar ranged in the society), or as a game. Voice of the customers is very big because busine sses do not live all what consumers want to get from their products and services, and it stick out lead products fail. So product research would help businesses improve existing product and to identify gaps in current products (). However, the businesses need to concern in the long term, because the opportunity of today for a trend is not necessarily than tomorrows ().2.5 Consumer buying decision motionThe decision-making process starts from the mind of consumers. This process includes the consumer first understanding what they need. Then, they will search for information term considering internal and external factors. Next, they will have an evaluation and make a selection, and eventually make a purchase (see figure 1). The post purchase behavior can give companies information most whether or not their products are successful. Sales and later sale services can also have an onus on consumer satisfaction and lead to repeat purchases (see figure 2). It deputes that the purchas ing process starts from the consumers needs and finishes with their satisfaction. The marketing strategies will be successful if they have the best solutions to knead the consumers problems (Kahn, 2007).Companystotal productCompetitorstotal productConsumer decision processSuperior foster expectedSalesPerceived value deliveredConsumer satisfactionFig. 2 Creating contented Customers (Source Kahn 2007)Problem recognitionInformation searchExternal and internalEvaluation and selectionStore choice and purchasesPost-purchase BehaviorFig. 1 Decision Process (Source Kahn 2007)Consumers have different shopping behaviors. There are many stores and many goods and services that consumers can choose from while they are shopping. The places to buy products are different, and consumers choose where they want to buy based upon what kind of products they want to buy. Some consumers are loyal to certain stores, while others are considered store switchers because they are willing to buy convertible products in more than one type of store. There are many factors that can affect the consumers decision to select where to buy products. bell is one of the chief(prenominal) factors that baffles buying decisions with some consumers preferring to shop in stores that have everyday low prices (EDLP), and others that like promotional material prices (HILO) (Bell, Bucklin Sismeiro, 2000).Stavkova, Stejskal, and Toufarova (2008) studied about the factors that put to work consumer decision to buy mixed products. From their record, they imbed the most important factors that influence consumer behavior for 10 different types of products. Each of the product types showed different factors. For example, for food and non-alcoholic drinks, the most important factors are requisite of need, quality, and former experience. For clothing and footwear, the factors include quality, products characteristics and parameters, and design of product. For transport, the important factors are necessi ty of need, price, and quality. Lorinczi, Bacs, Nagy (2009) studied about factors that influences consumer decision on budge soft drinks consumption, and the end of their study showed that, flavor is the most important factor that influences consumer decision. Trademark and price are also important factors, precisely health and speed of purchase are not really important for them.Basically, food and drink are related to to what is important to the consumers such(prenominal) as their survival, health, life expectancy, personality, lifestyle, and family (European Commissions, 2009). check to the (), there are 3 factors that influence the consumer food choice decision making-process Properties of the food, person-related factors and purchasing environmental factors, while communication is related with all these factors. It is proudly influence by social factors and increasingly cause by necessity (European Commissions, 2009)However, we can still assume that consumer food choice is influenced by prices, quality, and income, however quality of consumers perception today are impacted from sensory, heath, process and convenience (Grunert). Sensory are taste, appearance and smell. However, the consumers would know taste of products only after purchase, so they use signals from brand, price, and quality to predict the taste experience. Health is related to information communication, signals, and learning history of the consumer. The consumers are interested more in process of making products such as GMO-free and Organic. And convenience is related to saving duration and energy of consumers.2.6 Factors influence consumer behaviorsConsumer behaviors influence by socio-demographic characteristics of the individual consumer or marketing activities (). correspond to Kotler Armstrong (2009), there are external factors and internal factors that influence consumer behaviors. External factors are cultural and social, while internal factors are personal and psycholog ical (see figure) heathenCultureSub-cultureSocial classSocialReference GroupsFamilyRoles Status private fester life cycle stageOccupationIncomeLife stylePersonalityPsychologicalMotivationPerceptionLearningBeliefsAttitudesBuyerbehaviorsSource Kotler Armstrong (2009)2.6.1 Social and Cultural FactorsEach market may be unique in term of social norms and tradition. Culture is a key determinant of the consumer behaviors (Wallance, 1965 Jung Kau, 2004). Culture provides us with what we know to be true and knowledge of how things are (p.25). They are usually support by learning from generation to generation, changing only slowly over time. According to Jung Kau (2004), brand loyalty and decision making are ground difference in consumers across sub-cultures. Food products are particularly sensitive to sub-cultural influences, it cans differences between nations or groups of nations. Difference cultural and countries might influence difference in knowledge, information, and attitudes o n acceptance of foods (14).A group is defined as two or more individuals who share a set of norms, values, or beliefs (p.199). Reference groups influence consumer behavior by their information of knowledge, experience, recommendation, communication, and word-of-mouth. According to Riedl et al. (2002), word of mouth promotion leads to successful and high margin of consumer products. Primary group are friends, neighbors, colleagues, and family (e.g. family size and age of children) while secondary groups are more formal such as social and sports clubs (p. 199). According to (p.299), the family is a major influence in the learning process for young people. It also can be comparative influence such as teenagers want to accept to peer groups and to be a part of their groups ().For teenagers, it is also comparative influence that they want to accept from their peer groups or wish to be a part of them. Stead et al. (2011) found that young people used foods and drinks choices for judging ot hers, accepting friendship and peering norms. According to Sylow Holm (2009), more than its victualsal and calorific content, food also can be a socio-cultural product. In many groups and cultures, choosing or rejecting foods and drinks depends on their individual, status, society, and kitchen range (eg Fox Ward, 2008 Tivadar Luthar, 2005).Society influences healthy eating (Stead et al, 2011). The respondents of their research cared about their image and peer groups. One group of respondents who play sport said that healthy eating can affix their sporting ability. Most of groups know that if they become pear-shaped it would damage their image. So it lead some of them have unhealthy behavior like skipping meals. However, some of respondents showed that healthy eating did not important for their image, because they prefer junk and other unhealthy foods. They also found that some respondents think that people who selected healthy foods such as fruits, yoghurt, and water in their meal are untrendy.2.6.2 Personal factorsAccording to Kotler Armstrong (2009), personal factors which influence consumer behaviors are age and life cycle stage, occupation, income, lifestyle, and personality of the consumers. In this study we will focus on the consumer lifestyles. Lifestyle is the way an individual choose and uses possessions (p.23) (Engle, Kollat Blackwell, 1973) or also means personals pattern of living as show in their opinions, interests, needs, activities, and value which can show who they are, and also can show their self image and their culture (Reynolds Wells, 1977). Lifestyle is closely related to consumer behavior. It is as motivator of consumer behavior and basic inauguration of the information (p.23). The consumers consume products which can respond their needs and it also can change to their lifestyles.Socio-demographic impacts to consumer behaviors ( ), According to (), age is related to buy of different kinds of functional foods and difference in consumer views(6,7,8). For gender, men and women break away to buy different types of products and use different criteria when choosing want to buy. They found that women are willing to pay a higher premium of products with health benefits. Also they found that age, gender, education, occupation, and income, can show purchasing pattern. For example, young-single spend more on clothing entertainment, fast food than other groups, while couples, families paying for food. According to research of skillful food (2009), they found that smoothies were more popular among women, younger age group and higher social classes.2.6.3 locatingal influencesSituation is defined as set of factors outside of and remove from individual consumer as well as removed form the characteristics or attributes of the product (p.58). Managers and marketers should beware about consumer situation also. There are many kinds of situations that can influence consumer behaviors. According to (), situation variable are physiological surrounding, social surrounding, temporal perspective, task definition, and antecedent states (p.58). For example, generally consumers prefer low price of products but sometime they want what is more convenient and willing to pay in higher price. The table below shows the sample of situations in nonalcoholic beverage consumption, they show that in different situations they might consume different kinds of drinks. For example, during the summer, they would prefer water-based waters which sour and can quench their thirst.SituationsContext-specific ideal beverage clustersDesired AttributesDuring the summerWater-based drinksnot relaxingSourThirst quenchingDuring the winterHot adult drinksServed very hotGood for my healthEnergy givingFor breakfastJuices originally for childrenGood for my healthEnergy givingFor lunchHot adult drinksServed very hot better with foodNot thirst quenchingWhen friends com for dinner partyHot adult drinksPrimarily for adultsSourLightWhen you a re thirstyWater-based drinksNot relaxingSourThirst quenchingWhen you wish to relaxWater-based drinks reposefulSweetNot thirst quenchingWhen you need a pick-me-upMilk-based drinksServed very hotGood for my healthEnergy givingSource Hustad, Mayer, Whipple (1975) Hawkins, Coney, Best (1980)2.6.4 Psychological FactorsPsychological factors that influence consumer behaviors are motivation, perception, knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes. (See figure). Studying about consumers helps businesses improve their marketing strategies by understand consumer psychological that how the consumers think and feel. Consumer knowledge and information influence decisions.Knowledge and interested about health and feed is very important. () show that level of consumer knowledge about food ingredients and consumer understanding of relationship between bread and butter and health are important to consumers attitude towards of functional foods. Studied of () showed that tendency to read the nutrition inform ation on food products was found to be important factor affecting the purchase of omega-3 products (9). Learned in their lives, personal experience, experience of others, this opinions lead to beliefs can lead positive or negative attitude which can be difficult to change. Beliefs and attitudes believe in benefits of functional foods was found to be the main positive determinant of acceptance of functional foods (15). Moreover, Perception of good health products and health and nutrition claims found in positively influence purchasing choice (). Perception of information consists of facts estimates predictions and generalized relationships that are used by consumers to bonk and solve problem (p. 264).2.7 Consumer MotivationsMotivation is viewed as an inner force and refers to wish, feeling, and need (p. 305). Consumer motivation is known as a driver of behavior that brings consumers to purchase the products (Kim Jin 2001). Consumers are motivated to buy products when they believe that those products will satisfy their most immediate (). Consumers start to look for more than just basic functions from their product differentiate by adding value. They can add value to their products by changing or transforming their products from their original to more valuable state (Coltrain, Barton Boland, 2000) to reach more consumer satisfaction. They also can increase the products value by services.Consumer motivation and decision making process are influenced by products and services, level of importance or interest ().Motivation is an important factor that impact to consumer buying decision of certain types of products especially healthy food (). According to Hoo Munusamy (2008), there are four factors that can influence consumer motives social factors, situational factors, psychological factors, and marketing mix. (see figure) However, this research the researcher will only study about marketing mix factors.2.8 Factors influence consumer motivationsSocialCultureSub-c ultureSocial classReference groupsFamiliesSituation somatic featuresSocial featuresTimeTask featuresCurrentconditionsPsychologicalProduct knowledgeProduct involvementMarketing mixProductsPricePlace processionPeopleConsumer MotivesFigure Factors influences Consumer Motives2.8.1 Marketing MixThe marketing mix in this study is defined as 5 Ps which are products, prices, places, promotions, and people. Each factor of the marketing mix can affect to consumers in many ways (Peter Donnelly, 2007). Marketing mix uses in company to deliver marketing purpose and ascendancy variables in a market target (Kolter, 2000). The businesses need to create a successful mix of the right products, sell in right place, right price, and the most suitable promotion.ProductProduct is defined as everything that the businesses offer to the consumers in an exchange process can be in a form of physical good, service or both ().According to Borden (1984), product is about quality, design, features, brand name, and size. Service are closely relates and will both contribute to consumers satisfaction, for example, buy food in super markets quality of service provide by super market will also affect their level of satisfaction and purchasing decisions. Health and nutrition claims become important factors that influence consumer buying behaviors of foods and beverages (16).Branding does not necessarily mean food products would taste better to those not used to the brand but the brains of those who recognize a brand tell them other wise. However, taste is very important for them also. According to Lorinczi, Bacs, Nagy (2009), they found that if the consumers like the flavor of products such as carbonated soft drinks, they do not care about health, even they aware that it is unhealthy, and aware of its potential and negative physiological impact. Safe food research (2009) agree that most of people drink smoothies because they like the taste more than healthy and increase their fruit intake (Sa fe food, 2009).The businesses need to concern what product means to the consumer. Physical appearance, forwarding and labeling information of product also can motive consumer buying decision. Moreover, Peter Donnally (2007) show that differentiate their products from competition and create consumer perception that product is cost purchasing. In term of specific products, consumer motivations seem highly dependent on the situation (p.325).Adding value to products can enhance famers businesses (). The consumers concern more about nutrition of products and convenience, so it is an opportunity for businesses to create or improve their goods and services. One of the samples of adding value from fresh fruits and vegetables is transform them to other kind of products such as jams, jellies, and other preserves, burn and frozen vegetables, including dried herbs which do for medicinal. The businesses need to concern about consumers needs in quality, packaging, and variety of products whic h are more important than price (Connor et al. Benny, 2005). Branding and packaging also can increase value and market development for businesses.Benny (2005) agreed that value added goods provide better handling and results, he studied about value added products from green tea extracts and found that the standardized extract of green tea can reduce obesity and prevent the disease and it can change in a form of capsules, but it has a bitter taste and can consume not much. However, they can expand the green tea extracts by transform it to a component of cosmetics, ice-creams, and others and can add some vitamins and herbal to have more value and nutrients. Value-added also can be production methods such as organic, grass-fed, hormone free and others. It showed that creative, knowledge, and differentiate can motive consumer interest and buying decision. However, value-added products can fail if the products can not respond to consumer needs and consumer satisfaction.PricePrice is rela ted to satisfaction, brand loyalty purchase frequency of the consumers (Kalyanaram Little, 1994). The consumer become more knowledgeable as to its quality and value (Zeithaml, 1988), consequently when the consumers better understands the value of the product, they are more sensitive to changes in value (e.g. if the price were to increase) which may affect the intention to purchase (Chang Wildt, 1994 Lodorfos, Mulvana, Temperley, 2006). According to Lin, Li, You (2011), a profitable price made by businesses to match segmentation target, create enough attraction and competition. Effect of price can increase on consumer behavior (Klaus et al., 2009 Lin, Li, You, 2011). The higher price is, the slight we want to buy it in case of normal goods (Lorinczi, Bacs, Nagy (2009). Perception of the price determines what the consumers are willing to buy (Lin, Li, You, 2011). However, consumerPlacePlace or distribution epithelial duct is a set of interdependent institutions , for delivery of good and services to the consumers.PromotionMarketing and advertising managers should strategically place their product prominently in promotion in order to guarantee the desire impact (Van Der Waldt et al., 2007 Lin, Li You, 2011). According to Pedraja Yague (2011), the consumer use information from advertising, and information provided at the restaurant when searching for external source of information, used information and advertising as a source to reduce perceived risk and uncertainty. Kasikorn Bank (1997) studied about consumer behavior of supplement foods. They found that, the factor which influence in choosing supplementary food consumption is advertisement. At first the consumers might consume supplement foods just because they want to try. But after they concern that it is good for them, they would retain to purchase. However, the respondents of this study comment that most of the businesses advertise the products more than their properties. Sale promotion such as di scount, special offer, can act as short term to motive consumers to choose (Mill, 2007). According to Jackson, Titz DeFrance (2004), high price restaurant, benefited from coupon promotions to a greater extent than low price restaurant (Sriwongrat, 2008). According to European Commissions (2009), free trial and price promotions can help the businesses promote their food products, and trying to take up healthier food is in all likelihood to be more effective than trying to convince them to give up unhealthy food. Sometimes a persons awareness and preference for product can result from repetitive brand advertising (European Commissions, 2009).People