Genesis And Causes Of Naxalism History Essay

Genesis And Causes Of Naxalism History EssayGenesisThe origin of the Naxalite crusade can be located in the contemporary global context of the 1960s. The Naxalite movement was a part of the contemporary, worldwide impulse among radicals to return to the roots of rotatory idealism. The Naxal leaders drew inspiration from the Indian peasant uprisings of the18th and 19th centuries and the more than modern organized armed peasants struggles led by Communists in Telengana in south India in the late 1940s.Naxalism is essentially an burden of socio-economic problems,mal-administration, un-accountability, perceived injustice and is an end product of agrarian tensions. The contention of Naxalites is that the existing system is corrupt, rotten and can be destroyed by violence alone. Naxals heart that it is the landlords and the state administrators who keep violence on their agenda. Naxals feel justified to counter it by violence so as to achieve radical reforms.1The genesis of this movem ent is based on peasants movement and agrarian discontent.2The primary aim of the movement was to liberate the poor through land and socialreforms. Although, the aim was a terrific one, the method chosen to achieve it was completely misguided and unlawful. The Naxalite movement quickly veered away from its professed agenda of social justice and, today, various Naxalite factions ar nothing more than tools at the disposal of external forces that want to create internal turmoil in India.33. Naxalism grew from a tiny movement of Charu Mazumdar and Kanu Sanyal of village Naxalbari in the foothills of the Himalayas in Darjeeling regularize of West Bengal, carved out by him in 1967 after a split, from the ultra left sections of CPI (Marxists). Mazumdar greatly admired Mao Zedong and advocated that Indian peasants and discredit classes must happen in his footsteps and overthrow the government and upper classes whom he held responsible for their plight. The movement, basically anti-land lord, acquired the nomenclature ofCPI (Marxist- Leninist) in Nov 1967. A similar group, affair itself Marxist Communist Centre (MCC) was operating in the South. CPI (M) and MCC merged in 2004 and became CPI (Maoist), accepting Maoist doctrine of revolutionary agrarian state of war of seeking power through armed violence and surrounding the urban centres from the countryside. Their activities soon accounted for approximately 90% of revolutionary armed action in India. This stain of revolutionary activities came to be described broadly as Naxalism in recognition of the village Naxalbari from where the bugle of armed revolutionary agrarian revolt was first sounded.44. Naxalism and its flagellum to the state have been growing steadily in the past forty years. Their ideology appeals to the deprived and downtrodden. They have a coherent organisation whose members are unsex for sacrifice. They have visionary plans of seizing governmental power through armed violence. They display a r obust will and determination of purpose. Naxal Ideology5. Naxalism is the ideology followed by Naxalites in India. It is based on the principles of Marxism, Leninism and Maoism.6. The Marxist Communist Centre (MCC) is distinguished by its commitment to an earlier version of the Charu Mazumdar, which envisions protracted armed struggle. The MCCs philosophy revolves about two grounds. The first is that, within the country, a revolutionary mass struggle existed and the people were fully conscious and even prepared to take part in revolution immediately. The second was that militant struggles must be carried on, not for land, crops, or other immediate goals, but for the rapture of power. These assumptions are reflected in all their views, whether on organization, on strategy or on tactics. As a result, all efforts and attention is firmly focused on revolutionary activities to undermine the state and adopt power.Though the Peoples War Group (PWG) also held a similar view till the earl y 1980s, it has since shifted focus and established several political front organisations. The PWG piecemeal discarded its initial assessment of the peoples level of preparedness for an armed struggle, and consequently revised its strategy of immediate seizure of power. Though the armed struggle is not discarded, considerable differences emerged on the issue of the appropriate methodology. There is now increasing emphasis on the process of party building and the encouragement of mass political organizations. Their perspectives on strategy and tactics are also somewhat more nuanced, and there is an acknowledgement that the issues on which the struggle should be conducted necessarily depend on the level of peoples consciousness and the nature of problems faced by them.5.The PWG has remained unwavering in its ideological commitment to class annihilation, to capturing power through revolutionary warfare on the Maoist pattern, and in its rejection of Parliamentary democracy. This strate gy entails building up of bases in rural and remote areas and transforming them, first, into guerrilla zones, and then into liberated zones, even as an area-wise seizure is consolidated, and cities are encircled. Within the theoretical constructs of its peoples war strategy, as well as the PWGs past practices, moreover, negotiations have been used as a tactic and opportunity for recovery, desegregation and expansion.6Causes for Growth of Naxalism9. The region, over which the Naxalites have established their presence, is marked by widespread poverty, corruption, unemployment, lack of development, poor governance and an under-equipped police force. In many of these areas, the state machinery all does not exist or has a very limited existence. Naxalites fill the vacuum and exploit the poor performance of the institutions of governance on issues such as land rights, minimum wages, education and anti-corruption. In some areas they have assumed many of the tasks of the state and run a p arallel administration.7The major causes for growth of naxalism are as follows-Social Inequalities. Atrocities, subjugation, discriminatory treatment of dalits and lower caste peasants by the upper caste landlords continue to be very common in naxalite bear on parts of the country.Economic Deprivation. There is extreme poverty and utter lack of economic development in many parts of the country. The landlords do not follow the stipulated minimum wage rule as laid down by the government.Infrastructure Inadequacies. The areas affected by the naxal movement are one of the richest in toll of natural resources. Even then, these areas have not seen any infrastructure development and continue to remain neglected by the authorities.Tribal and Forest Policies. The primitive methods of finishing have left the tribal people economically fear behind in comparison with other peasants. The tribals have been denied their traditional means of livelihood and hence, their single means of survival has been taken away from them in the name of our forest policies.Inadequate Governance. It is a known fact that in many of these areas, there is no governance at all and the state and civil administrative infrastructure is virtually non-existent.Strategy10. The Naxals follow the strategy of armed uprising and the theory of revolutionary base. From such revolutionary bases they would strategically be in a position to launch a frontal attack on the enemies of the peasantries and the backward classes. Having complete willpower of the revolutionary bases, Naxalites would be launching attacks on large villages, and eventually, guerrilla attack upon cities. The aim of the above naxalite strategy was the annihilation of the landlords, moneylenders, police and its informers and those who would prevent them from establishing a dependable hold over the villages.